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Culture - joint fluid (aspirate) Article
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Culture - joint fluid (aspirate) synovial-fluid-analysis
Definition
Joint fluid culture is a test performed on a specimen of the fluid surrounding a joint. It is used to identify organisms that cause infection. See also synovial fluid analysis.
Alternative Names
Joint fluid culture
Why the Culture - joint fluid (aspirate) is Performed
The test may be performed when there is unexplained pain and inflammation of a joint, or suspected infection in a joint.
How the Culture - joint fluid (aspirate) is Performed
A sample of joint aspirate or fluid is removed from the joint with a needle or in the operating room, then is placed on culture media in containers for the purpose of growing microorganisms (bacteria, fungus, or viruses) in the laboratory.
The microbiologist in the laboratory inspects the cultures daily for growth. If microorganisms are detected, other tests may be initiated to identify the infectious agent and determine the sensitivity of the organisms to medications. Antibiotic therapy can then be determined based on these results.
How to Prepare for the Culture - joint fluid (aspirate)
There is no special preparation necessary.
How the Culture - joint fluid (aspirate) Will Feel
The sample may be obtained in the health care provider's office or in the hospital. The skin over the joint is cleansed with antibacterial soap. A local anesthetic may be injected into the skin over the joint. The injection may burn or sting.
After the area has become numb, a larger needle is inserted into the joint, and fluid is withdrawn. There may be pressure in the joint. Some minor soreness may be present for several days.
Risks
The risks are introducing an infection or bleeding in the joint.
Considerations
Not applicable.
Normal Results
The presence of no organisms in the culture (a sterile culture) is normal.
What Abnormal Results Mean
Abnormal results indicate an infection in the joint. The infection may be bacterial, mycobacterial, or fungal. The results tell the doctor which organism is causing the infection. This helps determine the most effective medication.
Other associated conditions:
- Fungal arthritis
- Non-gonococcal (septic) bacterial arthritis
- Gonococcal arthritis
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