Definition
Hysterosalpingography is an x-ray of the uterus and fallopian tubes that involves the injection of dye through the cervix.
Alternative Names
HSG; Uterosalpingography; Hysterogram; Uterotubography
Why the HSG is Performed
This test allows the health care provider to see the structures of the uterus and fallopian tubes, and to determine if there are any blockages or other problems. The test is usually done as part of an infertility examination.
How the HSG is Performed
The exam takes place in a radiology department using a table with an x-ray machine overhead. You will lie on the table and place your feet in stirrups, like a pelvic exam. A speculum is placed into the vagina, and the cervix is cleaned.
A thin tube (catheter) is placed the cervix. Dye passes through this tube, filling the uterus and fallopian tubes. The dye makes the structures easier to see when the x-rays are taken.
How to Prepare for the HSG
Due to a risk of infection, you will be prescribed antibiotics to take before and after the procedure. Your health care provider may also supply sedatives to help you relax during the procedure. Be prepared to sign a consent form before the test begins and to wear hospital clothing. Often the test will be scheduled in the week following your period, to ensure that you are not pregnant during the test.
Inform your health care provider of any allergic reactions to contrast dry you may have had in the past.
You need not limit any foods or fluids prior to the test.
How the HSG Will Feel
The test feels much like a vaginal examination associated with a Pap smear. You may have menstrual-type cramping during or after the test. You may experience some pain if the dye leaks into your abdominal cavity.
Risks
- Endometrial infection (endometritis)
- Fallopian tube infection (salpingitis)
- Perforation of the uterus
- Allergic reaction to the contrast dye
Considerations
This test should not be performed if you have pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) are experiencing unexplained vaginal bleeding, or are currently menstruating.
After the test, report any signs or symptoms of infection to your health care provider immediately. Symptoms may include vaginal discharge, pain, or fever.
Normal Results
Normally, all genital structures are present and without abnormality or defect. Contrast dye can normally be seen leaking out the fallopian tubes into the abdominal cavity.
What Abnormal Results Mean
Abnormal results may indicate any of the following:
- Uterine tumors
- Intrauterine adhesion
- Developmental disorders
- Obstruction of the fallopian tubes
- Traumatic injury
- Tubal adhesions
- Presence of foreign bodies
- Pregnancy outside the uterus (ectopic pregnancy)
- Scarring
